Potensi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) Sebagai Imunostimulan pada Akuakultur: Kajian Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61761/agiotech.3.1.21-27Keywords:
Ulam raja, Imunostimulan, Fitofarmaka, AkuakulturAbstract
Intensifikasi akuakultur sering kali diikuti dengan peningkatan stres dan kerentanan organisme budidaya terhadap penyakit, sehingga penggunaan antibiotik sintetis menjadi praktik umum. Namun, penggunaan secara berlebihan menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan, seperti resistensi bakteri, residu pada produk perikanan, dan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif pengendalian penyakit yang lebih aman dan berkelanjutan, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan fitofarmaka. Daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) merupakan tanaman yang diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tanin, dan alkaloid, yang berpotensi sebagai imunostimulan alami. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah potensi daun kenikir sebagai imunostimulan dalam akuakultur berdasarkan studi-studi terdahulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis hasil penelitian terkait kandungan fitokimia, aktivitas biologis, mekanisme kerja, serta aplikasi daun kenikir pada organisme akuakultur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif daun kenikir memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, dan imunomodulator yang mampu meningkatkan respons imun nonspesifik, ketahanan terhadap penyakit, pertumbuhan, serta sintasan ikan dan udang budidaya. Dengan demikian, daun kenikir berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif fitofarmaka yang aman, efektif, dan ramah lingkungan untuk mendukung sistem akuakultur berkelanjutan, meskipun masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan terkait dosis optimal, metode aplikasi, dan keamanan jangka panjang
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