Potensi Bioremediasi Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) pada Ekosistem Perairan: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61761/agiotech.2.2.46-51Keywords:
Logam berat, Polutan organik, Perairan, FitoremediatorAbstract
Pencemaran perairan global membutuhkan solusi remediasi efektif dan berkelanjutan. Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes), meski dikenal sebagai gulma invasif, memiliki potensi signifikan sebagai agen fitoremediasi berkat karakteristik pertumbuhan cepat, biomassa tinggi, sistem perakaran ekstensif, dan toleransi besar terhadap berbagai polutan. Kemampuan fitoremediasi eceng gondok mencakup akumulasi logam berat hingga 6.000 mg/kg berat kering, pengurangan hidrokarbon minyak bumi hingga 79%, dan penyerapan nutrisi berlebih dari perairan eutrofik. Mekanisme utama meliputi fitoekstraksi, fitostabilisasi, rizofiltrasi, dan fitodegradasi, dengan efisiensi yang dipengaruhi oleh pH, suhu, dan konsentrasi polutan. Tantangan penerapan skala besar meliputi sifat invasif yang dapat mengganggu ekosistem akuatik dan kebutuhan manajemen intensif. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan efisiensi dan keberlanjutan eceng gondok sebagai teknologi hijau dalam pemulihan perairan tercemar
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