Blue Economy sebagai Kerangka Transformasi Akuakultur Berkelanjutan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61761/seamac.3.1.18-25Keywords:
Blue Economy, IMTA, RAS, aquaponik, pemberdayaan masyarakatAbstract
Pertumbuhan sektor akuakultur yang pesat telah menjadi respons terhadap meningkatnya permintaan protein hewani global, namun ekspansi yang tidak terkendali menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi. Konsep Blue Economy menawarkan kerangka pembangunan alternatif yang mengintegrasikan pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan pelestarian ekosistem kelautan. Review artikel ini bertujuan mensintesis literatur terkini mengenai penerapan pendekatan Blue Economy dalam manajemen budidaya ikan berkelanjutan. Kajian ini mengeksplorasi berbagai sistem produksi berkelanjutan seperti Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA), Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS), dan aquaponik yang terbukti mampu mengurangi limbah, meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya, dan mendiversifikasi produk. Implementasi Blue Economy juga mencakup dimensi sosial-ekonomi melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal, pengembangan kapasitas, peningkatan akses pasar dan pembiayaan, serta penciptaan lapangan kerja. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan ini mampu mengurangi beban nitrogen hingga 40-50% dan fosfor hingga 30-40% melalui sistem IMTA, serta menghemat konsumsi air hingga 99% melalui RAS. Meskipun menjanjikan, implementasi masih menghadapi hambatan berupa keterbatasan investasi, kompleksitas regulasi, dan kurangnya kapasitas pembudidaya. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi konseptual dalam memperkuat integrasi Blue Economy pada praktik budidaya ikan di Indonesia melalui tata kelola berbasis teknologi dan inklusivitas sosial
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